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The European Court of Justice is widely acknowledged to have played a fundamental role in developing the constitutional law of the EU, having been the first to establish such key doctrines as direct effect, supremacy and parallelism in external relations. Traditionally, EU scholarship has praised the role of the ECJ, with more critical perspectives being given little voice in mainstream EU studies. From the standpoint of legal reasoning, Gerard Conway offers the first sustained critical assessment of how the ECJ engages in its function and offers a new argument as to how it should engage in legal reasoning. He also explains how different approaches to legal reasoning can fundamentally change the outcome of case law and how the constitutional values of the EU justify a different approach to the dominant method of the ECJ.

Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- European law --- European Communities --- Judicial process --- Law --- Interpretation and construction. --- Methodology. --- Court of Justice of the European Communities. --- LAW / International. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Decision making, Judicial --- Judicial behavior --- Judicial decision making --- Judges --- Procedure (Law) --- Psychological aspects --- Interpretation and construction --- Cour de justice des communautés européennes --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Corte di giustizia delle comunità europee --- Dikastērion tēs Europaikēs Oikonomikēs Koinotētos --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas --- GHEG --- European Atomic Energy Community. --- European Economic Community. --- European Court of Justice --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Curtea de Justiție a Comunităților Europene --- Ōshū Shihō Saibansho --- G.H.E.G. --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias --- Sud evropeĭskikh soobshchestv --- Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades --- Curia Communitatum Europaearum --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio --- Dikastērio Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- DEK --- EuGH --- ECJ --- D.E.K. --- Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości --- ETS --- Dikastērio tōn Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- CEJ --- European Union. --- European Coal and Steel Community. --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- Methodology --- Law / international. --- LAW / International --- Európai Bíróság --- Judicial process - European Union countries. --- Law - European Union countries - Interpretation and construction. --- Law - European Union countries - Methodology. --- General and Others

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The book entitled 'The Greatest Possible Freedom' tells the story of natural persons in the internal market. The first part contains a thick chronological description of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on free movement of persons and services, including the hitherto largely neglected coordination of social security. In this sizeable body of case-law including roughly 1400 decisions the book then traces the evolution and spin of certain interpretive formulas. Broad formulas like the greatest possible freedom or coordinative formulas like simple coordination are thus examined and their almost eerie power comes to light.

Freedom of movement --- Court of Justice of the European Communities. --- Movement, Freedom of --- Civil rights --- Domicile --- Emigration and immigration law --- Industrial laws and legislation --- Labor laws and legislation --- Liberty --- Personality (Law) --- Cour de justice des communautés européennes --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Corte di giustizia delle comunità europee --- Dikastērion tēs Europaikēs Oikonomikēs Koinotētos --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas --- GHEG --- European Atomic Energy Community. --- European Economic Community. --- European Court of Justice --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Curtea de Justiție a Comunităților Europene --- Ōshū Shihō Saibansho --- G.H.E.G. --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias --- Sud evropeĭskikh soobshchestv --- Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades --- Curia Communitatum Europaearum --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio --- Dikastērio Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- DEK --- EuGH --- ECJ --- D.E.K. --- Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości --- ETS --- Dikastērio tōn Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- CEJ --- European Union. --- European Coal and Steel Community. --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- Európai Bíróság --- Freiheit --- Fallrecht --- case law

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Past cases are the European Court of Justice's most prominent tool in making and justifying the rulings and decisions which affect the everyday lives of more than half a billion people. Marc Jacob's detailed analysis of the use of precedents and case-based reasoning in the Court uses methods such as doctrinal scholarship, empirical research, institutional analysis, comparative law and legal theory in order to unravel and critique the how and why of the Court's precedent technique. In doing so, he moves the wider debate beyond received 'common law' versus 'civil law' figments and 'Eurosceptic' versus 'Euromantic' battle lines, and also provides a useful blueprint for assessing and comparing the case law practices of other dispute resolution bodies.

Judgments --- Case-based reasoning --- Stare decisis --- Precedents (Law) --- Judicial process --- Law --- Legal certainty --- Res judicata --- Case-based learning --- Reasoning --- Court decisions --- Court rulings --- Civil procedure --- Courts --- Criminal procedure --- Estoppel --- Judges --- Jurisdiction --- Interpretation and construction --- Court of Justice of the European Communities. --- European Coal and Steel Community. --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- Cour de justice des communautés européennes --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Corte di giustizia delle comunità europee --- Dikastērion tēs Europaikēs Oikonomikēs Koinotētos --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas --- GHEG --- European Atomic Energy Community. --- European Economic Community. --- European Court of Justice --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Curtea de Justiție a Comunităților Europene --- Ōshū Shihō Saibansho --- G.H.E.G. --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias --- Sud evropeĭskikh soobshchestv --- Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades --- Curia Communitatum Europaearum --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio --- Dikastērio Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- DEK --- EuGH --- ECJ --- D.E.K. --- Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości --- ETS --- Dikastērio tōn Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- CEJ --- European Union. --- Európai Bíróság --- Stare decisis - European Union countries --- Case-based reasoning - European Union countries --- Judgments - European Union countries

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By tracing the way in which the CJEU and national courts react to legislation and Treaty reform, and the way in which the Member States, Commission and other actors in the legislative process react to judicial interventions, this collection of essays explores the nature of the dynamic relationship between courts and legislatures within the EU. It is clear that the boundaries between the legal and political realms are contested and that the judiciary and the legislature are engaged in a struggle, not so much about the substantive contours of the internal market project, but rather about their relative institutional positions. The contributors consider all aspects of the internal market project, from goods to capital and citizenship, examining areas where there has been significant Treaty change as well as those in which the Treaty framework has remained substantially unaltered.

European law --- European Union --- Political questions and judicial power --- Judicial power --- Legislative power --- Court of Justice of the European Communities --- European Union countries --- Economic integration --- Political aspects --- Economic policy --- -Judicial power --- -Legislative power --- -341.24224 --- Ud3 --- Uf4.5 --- Power, Legislative --- Constitutional law --- Implied powers (Constitutional law) --- Judicial review --- Legislation --- Legislative bodies --- Separation of powers --- State governments --- Judiciary --- Justiciability --- Power, Judicial --- Courts --- Judicial independence --- Judicial activism --- Judicial power and political questions --- Act of state --- Administrative discretion --- Jurisdiction --- Law --- Rule of law --- Court of Justice of the European Communities. --- Cour de justice des communautés européennes --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Corte di giustizia delle comunità europee --- Dikastērion tēs Europaikēs Oikonomikēs Koinotētos --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas --- GHEG --- European Atomic Energy Community. --- European Economic Community. --- European Court of Justice --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Curtea de Justiție a Comunităților Europene --- Ōshū Shihō Saibansho --- G.H.E.G. --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias --- Sud evropeĭskikh soobshchestv --- Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades --- Curia Communitatum Europaearum --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio --- Dikastērio Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- DEK --- EuGH --- ECJ --- D.E.K. --- Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości --- ETS --- Dikastērio tōn Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- CEJ --- European Union. --- European Coal and Steel Community. --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- European union countries --- Political aspects. --- Economic policy. --- 341.24224 --- Európai Bíróság --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- Political questions and judicial power - European Union countries --- Judicial power - European Union countries --- Legislative power - European Union countries --- European Union countries - Economic integration - Political aspects --- European Union countries - Economic policy --- General and Others

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At fifty, the European Court of Human Rights finds itself in a new institutional setting. With the EU joining the European Convention on Human Rights in the near future, and the Court increasingly having to address the responsibility of states in UN-led military operations, the Court faces important challenges at the national, European and international levels. In light of recent reform discussions, this volume addresses the multi-level relations of the Court by drawing on existing debates, pointing to current deficits and highlighting the need for further improvements.

Human rights --- Law - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law - Europe, except U.K. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- European Court of Human Rights. --- Court of Justice of the European Communities. --- Cour de justice des communautés européennes --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Corte di giustizia delle comunità europee --- Dikastērion tēs Europaikēs Oikonomikēs Koinotētos --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas --- GHEG --- European Atomic Energy Community. --- European Economic Community. --- European Court of Justice --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Curtea de Justiție a Comunităților Europene --- Ōshū Shihō Saibansho --- G.H.E.G. --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias --- Sud evropeĭskikh soobshchestv --- Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades --- Curia Communitatum Europaearum --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio --- Dikastērio Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- DEK --- EuGH --- ECJ --- D.E.K. --- Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości --- ETS --- Dikastērio tōn Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- CEJ --- European Union. --- Európai Bíróság --- European Coal and Steel Community. --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- C.E.D.O. --- CEDO --- CEDU --- ECtHR --- Avrupa İnsan Hakları Dîvanı --- Cour européenne des droits de l'homme --- Tribunal Europeo de Derechos del Hombre --- Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos --- Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte --- Evropeĭskiĭ Sud po pravam cheloveka --- Европейский Суд по правам человека --- Council of Europe. --- Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio Anthrōpinōn Dikaiōmatōn --- Ευρωπαικό Δικαστήριο Ανθρώπινων Δικαιωμάτων --- Curtea Europeană a Drepturilor Omului --- Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka --- Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi --- Evropský soud pro lidská práva --- I︠E︡vropeĭsʹkyĭ Sud z prav li︠u︡dyny --- Європейський Суд з прав людини --- Evropeĭski sŭd po pravata na choveka --- Европейски съд по правата на човека --- Europos Žmogaus teisių teismas --- Mardu iravunkʻneri evropakan dataran --- İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi --- Evropski sud za ljudska prava --- Европски суд за људска права --- AİHM --- Gjykata Europiane për të Drejtat e Njeriut --- GJEDNJ --- EGMR --- Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohus --- European Commission of Human Rights --- Human rights. --- European law --- Effectiveness and validity of law. --- Law --- General and Others --- Human Rights --- European Court of Human Rights --- Court of Justice of the European Communities --- Philosophy --- Institute for Human Rights and Business --- Validity and effectiveness of law --- International law --- Jurisprudence --- Human rights - Philosophy